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airtun-ng [2007/04/27 01:17] darkaudaxairtun-ng [2015/04/12 23:15] (current) – Updated usage. mister_x
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 In order to perform wIDS data gathering, you must have the encryption key and the bssid for the network you wish to monitor. Airtun-ng decrypts all the traffic for the specific network and passes it to a traditional IDS system such as [[http://www.snort.org|snort]]. In order to perform wIDS data gathering, you must have the encryption key and the bssid for the network you wish to monitor. Airtun-ng decrypts all the traffic for the specific network and passes it to a traditional IDS system such as [[http://www.snort.org|snort]].
  
-Traffic injection can be fully bidirectional if you have the full encyption key. It is outgoing unidirectional if you have the PRGA obtained via [[korek_chopchop|chopchop]] or [[fragmentation]] attacks. The prime advantage of airtun-ng over the other injection tools in the aircrack-ng suite is that you may use any tool subsequently to create, inject or sniff packets.+Traffic injection can be fully bidirectional if you have the full encryption key. It is outgoing unidirectional if you have the PRGA obtained via [[korek_chopchop|chopchop]] or [[fragmentation]] attacks. The prime advantage of airtun-ng over the other injection tools in the aircrack-ng suite is that you may use any tool subsequently to create, inject or sniff packets.
  
-Airtun-ng also has repeater and tcpreplay-type functionality.  There is a repeater function which allows you to replay all traffic sniffed through a wireless device (at0) and optionally filter the traffic by a bssid together with a network mask and replay the remaining traffic.  While doing this, you can still use the tun interface while repeating.  As well, a pcap file read feature allows you to replay stored pcap-format packet captures just the way you captured them in the first place.  This is essentially tcpreplay functionality for wifi+Airtun-ng also has repeater and tcpreplay-type functionality.  There is a repeater function which allows you to replay all traffic sniffed through a wireless device (interface specified by -i at0) and optionally filter the traffic by a bssid together with a network mask and replay the remaining traffic.  While doing this, you can still use the tun interface while repeating.  As well, a pcap file read feature allows you to replay stored pcap-format packet captures just the way you captured them in the first place.  This is essentially tcpreplay functionality for wifi.
- +
-Airtun-ng only runs on linux platforms.+
  
 +Airtun-ng only runs on linux platforms and does support WDS if you have a pretty recent version (svn rev 1624?).
  
 ===== Usage ===== ===== Usage =====
  
- usage: airtun-ng <options> <replay interface>+ Usage: airtun-ng <options> <replay interface>
  
-      *-x nbpps  : maximum number of packets per second (optional) +      *-x nbpps : maximum number of packets per second (optional) 
-      *-a bssid  : set Access Point MAC address (mandatory) +      *-a bssid : set Access Point MAC address (mandatory). In WDS Mode this sets the Receiver 
-      *-i iface  : capture packets from this interface (optional) +      *-i iface : capture packets from this interface (optional) 
-      *-y file   : read PRGA from this file (optional / one of -y or -w must be defined)+      *-y file : read PRGA from this file (optional / one of -y or -w must be defined)
       *-w wepkey : use this WEP-KEY to encrypt packets (optional / one of -y or -w must be defined)       *-w wepkey : use this WEP-KEY to encrypt packets (optional / one of -y or -w must be defined)
-      *-t tods   : send frames to AP (1) or to client (0) (optional defaults to 0+      *-p pass : use this WPA passphrase to decrypt packets (use with -a and -e) 
-      *-r file          : read frames out of pcap file (optional)+      *-e essid : target network SSID (use with -p) 
 +      *-t tods : send frames to AP (1) or to client (0) or tunnel them into a WDS/Bridge (2
 +      *-r file : read frames out of pcap file (optional) 
 +      *-h MAC  : source MAC address 
 +      *-H      : Display help.  Long form --help 
 + 
 +WDS/Bridge Mode options: 
 +  *-s transmitter : set Transmitter MAC address for WDS Mode 
 +  *-b : bidirectional mode. This enables communication in Transmitter's AND Receiver's networks. Works only if you can see both stations.
  
 Repeater options (the following all require double dashes): Repeater options (the following all require double dashes):
-  *--repeat         : activates repeat mode.  Short form -f. +  *- -repeat : activates repeat mode.  Short form -f. 
-  *--bssid <mac>    : BSSID to repeat.  Short form -d. +  *- -bssid <mac> : BSSID to repeat.  Short form -d. 
-  *--netmask <mask> : netmask for BSSID filter.  Short form -m.+  *- -netmask <mask> : netmask for BSSID filter.  Short form -m.
  
  
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    FromDS bit set in all frames.    FromDS bit set in all frames.
  
-You notice above that it created the **at0** interface. Switch to another console sesssion and you must now bring this interface up in order to use it:+You notice above that it created the **at0** interface. Switch to another console session and you must now bring this interface up in order to use it:
  
    ifconfig at0 up    ifconfig at0 up
  
-This interface (at0) will receive a copy of every wireless network packet. The packets will have been decrypted with the key you have provided.  At this point you may any tool to sniff and analyze the traffic.  For example, tcpdump or snort.+This interface (at0) will receive a copy of every wireless network packet. The packets will have been decrypted with the key you have provided.  At this point you may utilize any tool to sniff and analyze the traffic.  For example, tcpdump, wireshark or snort.
  
 ==== WEP injection ==== ==== WEP injection ====
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 The next scenario is copying packets from the optional interface.  The -i <wireless interface> is just like the aireplay-ng -i parameter.  It is used for specifying a source to read packets from, other than the given injection interface (ath0 in the examples above).  A typical use is to listen with a very sensitive card on one interface and to inject with a high power adapter, which has a lower sensitivity. The next scenario is copying packets from the optional interface.  The -i <wireless interface> is just like the aireplay-ng -i parameter.  It is used for specifying a source to read packets from, other than the given injection interface (ath0 in the examples above).  A typical use is to listen with a very sensitive card on one interface and to inject with a high power adapter, which has a lower sensitivity.
 +
 +==== Repeater Mode ====
 +
 +This scenario allows you to repeat all packets from one wireless card to another.  This would allow you to extend the distance by which you could listen to the access point communication.  The cards may also be on different channels which provides additional flexibility.
 +
 +Prior to running the following command, you must use airmon-ng to put each card into monitor mode on the the appropriate channels:
 +
 +   airtun-ng -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80  --repeat --bssid 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -i ath0 wlan0
 +
 +Where:
 +  * -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the MAC address used for packets injected via the at0 interface.
 +  * - -repeat specifies that inbound packets from the -i interface be repeated on the output interface.  Note the double dash.
 +  * - -bssid 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 used to select which packets are repeated. Note the double dash.  (Optional)
 +  * -i ath0 is input interface from which packets are read.
 +  * wlan0 is the output interface.
 +
 +The system responds:
 +
 +   created tap interface at0
 +   No encryption specified. Sending and receiving frames through wlan0.
 +   FromDS bit set in all frames.
 +
 +At this point, any packets for the AP (00:14:6C:7E:40:80) from the ath0 interface will be repeated and sent out on the wlan0 interface.
 +
 +==== Packet Replay Mode ====
 +
 +You can replay any previous capture.  The capture must have been stored in pcap format.
 +
 +You enter the command:
 +
 +   airtun-ng -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -r ath0one-01.cap ath0 
 +
 +Where:
 +   * -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the MAC address used for packets injected via the at0 interface.
 +   * -r ath0one-01.cap in the name of the pcap file to be replayed.
 +   * ath0 is the output interface.
 +
 +The system responds:
 +
 +   created tap interface at0
 +   No encryption specified. Sending and receiving frames through ath0.
 +   FromDS bit set in all frames.
 +   Finished reading input file ath0one-01.cap.
 +
 +Please note that the file contents are transmitted exactly as is.  You may ignore the message "FromDS bit set in all frames" The flags nor any other field are modified while  transmitting the file contents.
 +
 +==== Tunneling traffic into WDS networks or WiFi Bridges ====
 +
 +If you use a recent version of airtun-ng, you can use its WDS support to inject traffic into WDS networks and WiFi bridges.
 +Bridges are pretty secure since traffic may be sniffed, but it is impossible to connect with them to send data into the networks.
 +This is where airtun-ng comes into the game. With airtun-ng you can impersonate either of the two endpoints to interact with the other one. Lets assume you can only see one node of the bridge, this is how you can check if an attacker could inject traffic into this side of the network:
 +
 +   * There are two nodes AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA and BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB.
 +   * Your attacking client can only send to and receive from node A.
 +   * In this case you will only see packets with Transmitter = A and Receiver = B on your interface.
 +   * If you impersonate node B, you could inject traffic into the network behind node A.
 +
 +This is how to setup airtun-ng for this scenario:
 +
 +   airtun-ng -t 1 ath0 -h BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB -a AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA -i ath0
 +
 +If you are able to see both sides of a WDS/Bridge network, you can enable bidirectional mode. This enables communication with both endpoint's networks. Be aware that bidirectional mode keeps track of clients behind each node in a list in memory, since it needs to know to which of the two endpoints it needs to send a packet to reach a certain client. If you use an embedded system, or there are large amounts of clients connected, this may slow down your machine.
 +
 +   airtun-ng -t 1 ath0 -h BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB -a AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA -i ath0 -f
 +
 +WDS mode is fully compatible with WEP encryption, so you can use the -w and -y flags as usual.
 +However, Repeater Mode hasn't been tested with WDS.
  
 ===== Usage Tips ===== ===== Usage Tips =====
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 You can also inject management and control frames.  This can be done by putting a PCAP file together of frames to be sent, or just using a capture you made before and by replaying the whole file using airtun-ng. You can also inject management and control frames.  This can be done by putting a PCAP file together of frames to be sent, or just using a capture you made before and by replaying the whole file using airtun-ng.
- 
  
 ===== Usage Troubleshooting ===== ===== Usage Troubleshooting =====
 +==== I can't find the airtun-ng tool! ====
 Windows platforms - "I can't find the airtun-ng tool!" Answer:  airtun-ng only runs on linux. Windows platforms - "I can't find the airtun-ng tool!" Answer:  airtun-ng only runs on linux.
  
 +==== Error opening tap device: No such file or directory ====
 +
 +When you run airtun-ng, you get a message similar to "error opening tap device: No such file or directory".
 +
 +Make sure you have the OpenVPN package installed and run:
 +
 + modprobe tun
 +
 +This loads the "tun" module.  You can confirm it is loaded by running "lsmod | grep tun" If it does not load or there are problems, running "dmesg" and reviewing the end should show errors, if any.
 +
 +==== Error creating tap interface: Permission denied ====
 +
 +See the following [[faq#why_do_i_get_error_creating_tap_interfacepermission_denied_or_a_similar_message|FAQ entry]].
  
airtun-ng.1177629425.txt.gz · Last modified: 2007/04/27 01:17 by darkaudax