User Tools

Site Tools


aircrack-ng

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision
Previous revision
Last revisionBoth sides next revision
aircrack-ng [2010/03/09 18:37] – fixed -r: not for WEP, for WPA mister_xaircrack-ng [2018/10/08 04:03] – Updates (version, command line, URLs) mister_x
Line 20: Line 20:
 \\ \\
  
-{{http://www.aircrack-ng.org/img/aircrack-ng.explaination.gif?600x300 }}+{{https://www.aircrack-ng.org/img/aircrack-ng.explaination.gif?600x300 }}
  
 ==== How does it work? ==== ==== How does it work? ====
  
-The first method is the PTW method (Pyshkin, Tews, Weinmann). The PTW method is fully described in the paper found on  [[http://www.cdc.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/aircrack-ptw/|this web site]].  In 2005, Andreas Klein presented another analysis of the RC4 stream cipher. Klein showed that there are more correlations between the RC4 keystream and the key than the ones found by Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir and these may be additionally used to break WEP.  The PTW method extends Klein's attack and optimizes it for usage against WEP.  It essentially uses enhanced FMS techniques described in the following section.  One particularly important constraint is that it only works with arp request/reply packets and cannot be employed against other traffic.+The first method is the PTW method (Pychkine, Tews, Weinmann). The PTW method is fully described in the paper found on  [[https://web.archive.org/web/20070714194826/http://www.cdc.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/aircrack-ptw/|this web site]].  In 2005, Andreas Klein presented another analysis of the RC4 stream cipher. Klein showed that there are more correlations between the RC4 keystream and the key than the ones found by Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir and these may be additionally used to break WEP.  The PTW method extends Klein's attack and optimizes it for usage against WEP.  It essentially uses enhanced FMS techniques described in the following section.  One particularly important constraint is that it only works with arp request/reply packets and cannot be employed against other traffic.
  
 The second method is the FMS/Korek method which incorporates multiple techniques.  The  [[links#technique_papers|Techniques Papers]] on the links page lists many papers which describe these techniques in more detail and the mathematics behind them. The second method is the FMS/Korek method which incorporates multiple techniques.  The  [[links#technique_papers|Techniques Papers]] on the links page lists many papers which describe these techniques in more detail and the mathematics behind them.
Line 87: Line 87:
 You can specify multiple input files (either in .cap or .ivs format) or use file name wildcarding.  See [[aircrack-ng#other_tips|Other Tips]] for examples.  Also, you can run both [[airodump-ng]] and aircrack-ng at the same time: aircrack-ng will auto-update when new IVs are available. You can specify multiple input files (either in .cap or .ivs format) or use file name wildcarding.  See [[aircrack-ng#other_tips|Other Tips]] for examples.  Also, you can run both [[airodump-ng]] and aircrack-ng at the same time: aircrack-ng will auto-update when new IVs are available.
  
-Here's a summary of all available options:+=== Options === 
 +== Common options ==
  
 ^Option^Param.^Description^ ^Option^Param.^Description^
-|-a|amode|Force attack mode (1 = static WEP, 2 = WPA/WPA2-PSK).| +|-a|amode|Force attack mode (1 = static WEP, 2 = WPA/WPA2-PSK)| 
-|-b|bssid|Long version --bssid. Select the target network based on the access point's MAC address.+|-e|essid|If set, all IVs from networks with the same ESSID will be used. This option is also required for WPA/WPA2-PSK cracking if the ESSID is not broadcasted (hidden)
-|-e|essid|If set, all IVs from networks with the same ESSID will be used. This option is also required for WPA/WPA2-PSK cracking if the ESSID is not broadcasted (hidden).| +|-b|bssid|Long version -''''-bssidSelect the target network based on the access point's MAC address
-|-p|nbcpu|On SMP systems: # of CPU to use.  This option is invalid on non-SMP systems.+|-p|nbcpu|On SMP systems: # of CPU to use.  This option is invalid on non-SMP systems| 
-|-q|//none//|Enable quiet mode (no status output until the key is found, or not).| +|-q|//none//|Enable quiet mode (no status output until the key is found, or not)
-|-c|//none//|(WEP cracking) Restrict the search space to alpha-numeric characters only (0x20 - 0x7F).+|-C|MACs|Long version -''''-combine Merge the given APs (separated by a comma) into virtual one| 
-|-t|//none//|(WEP cracking) Restrict the search space to binary coded decimal hex characters.+|-l|file name|(Lowercase L, ell) logs the key to the file specified. Overwrites the file if it already exists| 
-|-h|//none//|(WEP cracking) Restrict the search space to numeric characters (0x30-0x39) These keys are used by default in most Fritz!BOXes.+ 
-|-d|start|(WEP cracking) Long version --debug.  Set the beginning of the WEP key (in hex), for debugging purposes.+== Static WEP cracking options == 
-|-m|maddr|(WEP cracking) MAC address to filter WEP data packets. Alternatively, specify -m ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff to use all and every IVs, regardless of the network.| + 
-|-M|number|(WEP cracking) Sets the maximum number of ivs to use.+^Option^Param.^Description^ 
-|-n|nbits|(WEP cracking) Specify the length of the key: 64 for 40-bit WEP, 128 for 104-bit WEP, etc. The default value is 128.+|-c|//none//|Restrict the search space to alpha-numeric characters only (0x20 - 0x7F)| 
-|-i|index|(WEP cracking) Only keep the IVs that have this key index (1 to 4). The default behaviour is to ignore the key index.+|-t|//none//|Restrict the search space to binary coded decimal hex characters| 
-|-f|fudge|(WEP cracking) By default, this parameter is set to 2 for 104-bit WEP and to 5 for 40-bit WEP. Specify a higher value to increase the bruteforce level: cracking will take more time, but with a higher likelyhood of success.| +|-h|//none//|Restrict the search space to numeric characters (0x30-0x39) These keys are used by default in most Fritz!BOXes| 
-|-H|//none//|Long version --help.  Output help information.| +|-d|start|Long version -''''-debug.  Set the beginning of the WEP key (in hex), for debugging purposes| 
-|-l|file name|(Lowercase L, ell) logs the key to the file specified.| +|-m|maddr|MAC address to filter WEP data packets. Alternatively, specify -m ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff to use all and every IVs, regardless of the network| 
-|-K|//none//|Invokes the Korek WEP cracking method.+|-n|nbits|Specify the length of the key: 64 for 40-bit WEP, 128 for 104-bit WEP, etc. The default value is 128| 
-|-k|korek|(WEP cracking) There are 17 korek statistical attacks. Sometimes one attack creates a huge false positive that prevents the key from being found, even with lots of IVs. Try -k 1, -k 2, ... -k 17 to disable each attack selectively.| +|-i|index|Only keep the IVs that have this key index (1 to 4). The default behaviour is to ignore the key index| 
-|-p|threads|Allow the number of threads for cracking even if you have a non-SMP computer.| +|-f|fudge|By default, this parameter is set to 2 for 104-bit WEP and to 5 for 40-bit WEP. Specify a higher value to increase the bruteforce level: cracking will take more time, but with a higher likelyhood of success| 
-|-r|database|Utilizes a database generated by airolib-ng as input to determine the WPA key.  Outputs an error message if aircrack-ng has not been compiled with sqlite support.+|-k|korek|There are 17 korek statistical attacks. Sometimes one attack creates a huge false positive that prevents the key from being found, even with lots of IVs. Try -k 1, -k 2, ... -k 17 to disable each attack selectively| 
-|-x/-x0|//none//|(WEP cracking) Disable last keybytes brutforce.+|-x/-x0|//none//|Disable last keybytes brutforce| 
-|-x1|//none//|(WEP cracking) Enable last keybyte bruteforcing (default).+|-x1|//none//|Enable last keybyte bruteforcing (default)| 
-|-x2|//none//|(WEP cracking) Enable last two keybytes bruteforcing.+|-x2|//none//|Enable last two keybytes bruteforcing| 
-|-X|//none//|(WEP cracking) Disable bruteforce multithreading (SMP only).+|-X|//none//|Disable bruteforce multithreading (SMP only)
-|-y|//none//|(WEP cracking) Experimental single bruteforce attack which should only be used when the standard attack mode fails with more than one million IVs| +|-s|//none//|Show the key in ASCII while cracking
-|-u|//none//|Long form --cpu-detect.  Provide information on the number of CPUs and MMX support Example responses to "aircrack-ng --cpu-detect" are "Nb CPU detected: 2" or "Nb CPU detected: 1  (MMX available)".+|-y|//none//|Experimental single bruteforce attack which should only be used when the standard attack mode fails with more than one million IVs| 
-|-w|words|(WPA crackingPath to a wordlist or "-" without the quotes for standard in (stdin).| +|-z|//none//|Invokes the PTW WEP cracking method (Default in v1.x)| 
-|-z|//none//|Invokes the PTW WEP cracking method.| +|-P|number|Long version -''''-ptw-debug.  Invokes the PTW debug mode: 1 Disable klein, 2 PTW.
-|-P|//none//|Long version --ptw-debug.  Invokes the PTW debug mode.| +|-K|//none//|Invokes the Korek WEP cracking method. (Default in v0.x)| 
-|-C|MACs|Long version --combine.  Merge the given APs to a virtual one.+|-D|//none//|Long version -''''-wep-decloak.  Run in WEP decloak mode| 
-|-D|//none//|Long version --wep-decloak Run in WEP decloak mode.| +|-1|//none//|Long version -''''-oneshot.  Run only 1 try to crack key with PTW| 
-|-V|//none//|Long version --visual-inspection.  Run in visual inspection mode.+|-M|number|(WEP crackingSpecify the maximum number of IVs to use
-|-1|//none//|Long version --oneshot.  Run in oneshot mode.|+|-V|//none//|Long version -''''-visual-inspection.  Run in visual inspection mode (only with KoreK)| 
 + 
 +== WEP and WPA-PSK cracking options == 
 + 
 +^Option^Param.^Description^ 
 +|-w|words|Path to a wordlists or "-" without the quotes for standard in (stdin). Separate multiple wordlists by comma
 +|-N|file|Create a new cracking session and save it to the specified file| 
 +|-R|file|Restore cracking session from the specified file| 
 + 
 +== WPA-PSK options == 
 + 
 +^Option^Param.^Description^ 
 +|-E|file>|Create EWSA Project file v3
 +|-j|file|Create Hashcat v3.6+ Capture file (HCCAPX)| 
 +|-J|file|Create Hashcat Capture file| 
 +|-S|//none//|WPA cracking speed test| 
 +|-Z|sec|WPA cracking speed test execution length in seconds| 
 +|-r|database|Utilizes a database generated by [[airolib-ng]] as input to determine the WPA keyOutputs an error message if aircrack-ng has not been compiled with sqlite support| 
 + 
 +== SIMD Selection == 
 + 
 +^Option^Param.^Description^ 
 +|-''''-simd|optimization|Use user-specified SIMD optimization instead of the fastest one| 
 +|-''''-simd-list|//none//|Shows a list of the SIMD optimizations available| 
 + 
 +== Other options == 
 + 
 +^Option^Param.^Description^ 
 +|-H|//none//|Long version -''''-help.  Output help information
 +|-u|//none//|Long form -''''-cpu-detect.  Provide information on the number of CPUs and features available such as MMX, SSE2, AVX, AVX2, AVX512|
  
 ===== Usage Examples ===== ===== Usage Examples =====
 ==== WEP ==== ==== WEP ====
-The simplest case is to crack a WEP key. If you want to try this out yourself, here is a test [[http://download.aircrack-ng.org/wiki-files/other/test.ivs|file]].  The key to the test file matches the screen image above, it does not match the following example.+The simplest case is to crack a WEP key. If you want to try this out yourself, here is a test [[https://download.aircrack-ng.org/wiki-files/other/test.ivs|file]].  The key to the test file matches the screen image above, it does not match the following example.
  
-aircrack-ng 128bit.ivs\\ +aircrack-ng -K 128bit.ivs\\ 
 Where: Where:
   *128bit.ivs is the file name containing IVS.   *128bit.ivs is the file name containing IVS.
 +  *-K: Use KoreK attacks only
  
 The program responds: The program responds:
Line 147: Line 178:
 The cracking process starts and once cracked, here is what it looks like: The cracking process starts and once cracked, here is what it looks like:
  
-                                                Aircrack-ng 0.7 r130+                                                Aircrack-ng 1.4
      
      
Line 202: Line 233:
 Here is a sample of the output: Here is a sample of the output:
  
-                                                Aircrack-ng 0.7 r247+                                                Aircrack-ng 1.4
        
        
Line 217: Line 248:
         Probability: 100%         Probability: 100%
  
-Lets look at a PTW attack example.  Remember that this method requires arp request/reply packets as input. It must be the full packet and not just the IVs, meaning that the "- - ivs" option cannot be used when running airodump-ng. As well, it only works for 64 and 128 bit WEP encryption.+Lets look at a PTW attack example.  Remember that this method requires arp request/reply packets as input. It must be the full packet and not just the IVs, meaning that the "-''''- ivs" option cannot be used when running airodump-ng. As well, it only works for 64 and 128 bit WEP encryption.
  
 Enter the following command: Enter the following command:
Line 224: Line 255:
  
 Where: Where:
-  * -z means use the PTW methodology to crack the wep key.+  * -z means use the PTW methodology to crack the wep key. //Note:// in v1.x, this is the default attack mode; use -K to revert to Korek.
   * ptw*.cap are the capture files to use.   * ptw*.cap are the capture files to use.
  
Line 240: Line 271:
 Then: Then:
  
-                                                Aircrack-ng 0.9+                                                Aircrack-ng 1.4
        
                                 [00:01:18] Tested 0/140000 keys (got 30680 IVs)                                 [00:01:18] Tested 0/140000 keys (got 30680 IVs)
Line 278: Line 309:
 Notice in this case that since there are multiple networks we need to select which one to attack.  We select number 2.  The program then responds: Notice in this case that since there are multiple networks we need to select which one to attack.  We select number 2.  The program then responds:
  
-                                 Aircrack-ng 0.7 r130+                                 Aircrack-ng 1.4
      
      
Line 299: Line 330:
 Now you have the passphrase and can connect to the network. Now you have the passphrase and can connect to the network.
  
 +
 +=== SIMD ===
 +
 +Aircrack-ng is compiled with multiple optimizations based on CPU features we call crypto engines. CPU features are different based on the type of CPU.
 +
 +On x86 (and 64 bit), typically SSE2, AVX and AVX2 are available (AVX512 can be compiled in but it should only be done if the current CPU supports it). On ARM, neon and ASIMD are usually available and on PowerPC, ASIMD and altivec. A generic optimization is always available no matter what architecture it is compiled on or for. A limited set of optimizations may be available depending on the OS/CPU/compilers available.
 +
 +When running aircrack-ng, it will load the fastest optimization based on what your CPU supports. For package maintainers, it is very useful as they don't have to target the one supporting all the CPU which would be the slowest.
 +
 +In order to override, the option -''''-simd can be used. Such as
 +
 +  aircrack-ng --simd=avx wpa.cap -w password.lst
 +
 +In order to list all the available SIMD optimization, use -''''-simd-list. Such as
 +
 +  aircrack-ng --simd-list
 +
 +will display "avx2 avx sse2 generic" on x86.
 +
 +==== Cracking session ====
 +
 +Cracking can sometimes take a very long time and it is sometimes necessary to turn off the computer or put it to sleep for a while. In order to handle this kind of situation, a new set of option has been created.
 +
 +It will create and/or update a session file saving the current status of the cracking (every 10 minutes) as well as all the options used, wordlists and capture files used. Multiple wordlists can be used and it works with WEP and WPA.
 +
 +  aircrack-ng --new-session current.session -w password.lst,english.txt wpa-01.cap 
 +
 +In order to restore the session, use -''''-restore-session:
 +
 +  aircrack-ng --restore-session current.session
 +
 +It will keep updating //current.session// every 10 minutes.
 +
 +Limitations:
 +  * The wordlist must be files. For now, they cannot be //stdin// or [[airolib-ng]] databases
 +  * Session has to be restored from the same directory as when first using -''''-new-session
 +  * No new options can be added when restoring session
 ===== Usage Tips ===== ===== Usage Tips =====
 ==== General approach to cracking WEP keys ==== ==== General approach to cracking WEP keys ====
 +
 +//FIXME This needs updating for v1.x!//
  
 Clearly, the simplest approach is just to enter "aircrack-ng captured-data.cap" and let it go.  Having said that, there are some techniques to improve your chances of finding the WEP key quickly.  There is no single magic set of steps.  The following describes some approaches which tend to  yield the key faster.  Unless you are comfortable with experimentation, leave well enough alone and stick to the simple approach. Clearly, the simplest approach is just to enter "aircrack-ng captured-data.cap" and let it go.  Having said that, there are some techniques to improve your chances of finding the WEP key quickly.  There is no single magic set of steps.  The following describes some approaches which tend to  yield the key faster.  Unless you are comfortable with experimentation, leave well enough alone and stick to the simple approach.
  
-If you are capturing arp request/reply packets, then the fastest approach is to use "aircrack-ng -z <data packet capture files>" You can then skip the balance of this section since it will find the key very quickly assuming you have collected sufficient arp request/reply packets!+If you are capturing arp request/reply packets, then the fastest approach is to use "aircrack-ng -z <data packet capture files>" You can then skip the balance of this section since it will find the key very quickly assuming you have collected sufficient arp request/reply packets! //NOTE:// -z is the default attack mode in aircrack-ng v1.x; use -K to revert to the attack mode used in previous versions.
  
 The overriding technique is capture as much data as possible.  That is the single most important task.  The number of initialization vectors (IVs) that you need to determine the WEP key varies dramatically by key length and access point.  Typically you need 250,000 or more unique IVs for 64 bit keys and 1.5 million or more for 128 bit keys.  Clearly a lot more for longer key bit lengths.  Then there is luck.  There will be times that the WEP key can be determined with as few as 50,000 IVs although this is rare.  Conversely, there will be times when you will need mulitple millions of IVs to crack the WEP key.  The number of IVs is extremely hard to predict since some access points are very good at eliminating IVs that lead the WEP key. The overriding technique is capture as much data as possible.  That is the single most important task.  The number of initialization vectors (IVs) that you need to determine the WEP key varies dramatically by key length and access point.  Typically you need 250,000 or more unique IVs for 64 bit keys and 1.5 million or more for 128 bit keys.  Clearly a lot more for longer key bit lengths.  Then there is luck.  There will be times that the WEP key can be determined with as few as 50,000 IVs although this is rare.  Conversely, there will be times when you will need mulitple millions of IVs to crack the WEP key.  The number of IVs is extremely hard to predict since some access points are very good at eliminating IVs that lead the WEP key.
Line 322: Line 392:
 While aircrack-ng is running, you mostly just see the beginning of the key.  Although the secret WEP key is unknown at this point, there may be clues to speed things up.  If the key bytes have a fairly large number of votes, then they are likely 99.5% correct.  So lets look at what you can do with these clues. While aircrack-ng is running, you mostly just see the beginning of the key.  Although the secret WEP key is unknown at this point, there may be clues to speed things up.  If the key bytes have a fairly large number of votes, then they are likely 99.5% correct.  So lets look at what you can do with these clues.
  
-If the bytes (likely secret keys) are for example: 75:47:99:22:50 then it is quite obvious, that the whole key may consist only of numbers, like the first 5 bytes.  So it MAY improve your cracking speed to use the -t option only when trying such keys.  See [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal|Wikipedia Binary Coded Decimal]] for a description of what characters -t looks for.+If the bytes (likely secret keys) are for example: 75:47:99:22:50 then it is quite obvious, that the whole key may consist only of numbers, like the first 5 bytes.  So it MAY improve your cracking speed to use the -t option only when trying such keys.  See [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal|Wikipedia Binary Coded Decimal]] for a description of what characters -t looks for.
  
 If the bytes are 37:30:31:33:36 which are all numeric values when converted to Ascii, it is a good idea to use -h option.  The FAQ entry [[faq#how_do_i_convert_the_hex_characters_to_ascii|Converting hex characters to ascii]] provides links to determine if they are all numeric. If the bytes are 37:30:31:33:36 which are all numeric values when converted to Ascii, it is a good idea to use -h option.  The FAQ entry [[faq#how_do_i_convert_the_hex_characters_to_ascii|Converting hex characters to ascii]] provides links to determine if they are all numeric.
Line 348: Line 418:
 If you wish to experiment a bit with converting HEX to ASCII, see this [[faq#how_do_i_convert_the_hex_characters_to_ascii|FAQ entry]]. If you wish to experiment a bit with converting HEX to ASCII, see this [[faq#how_do_i_convert_the_hex_characters_to_ascii|FAQ entry]].
  
-We do not specifically provide support or the details on how to configure your wireless card to connect to the AP.  For linux, this [[http://wirelessdefence.org/Contents/LinuxWirelessCommands.htm|page]] has an excellent writeup.  As well, search the internet for this information regarding linux and Windows systems.  As well, see the documentation for your card's wireless client.  If you are using linux, check the mailing lists and forums specific to the distribution.+We do not specifically provide support or the details on how to configure your wireless card to connect to the AP.  For linux, this [[https://web.archive.org/web/20080212235953/http://wirelessdefence.org/Contents/LinuxWirelessCommands.htm|page]] has an excellent writeup.  As well, search the internet for this information regarding linux and Windows systems.  As well, see the documentation for your card's wireless client.  If you are using linux, check the mailing lists and forums specific to the distribution.
  
 Additionally, Aircrack-ng prints out a message indicating the likelihood that the key is correct.  It will look something similar to "Probability: 100%" Aircrack-ng tests the key against some packets to confirm the key is correct.  Based on these tests, it prints the probability of a correct key. Additionally, Aircrack-ng prints out a message indicating the likelihood that the key is correct.  It will look something similar to "Probability: 100%" Aircrack-ng tests the key against some packets to confirm the key is correct.  Based on these tests, it prints the probability of a correct key.
Line 364: Line 434:
 So there is no way to know the how long the original passphrase was.  It could as short as one character.  It all depends on the who developed the software. So there is no way to know the how long the original passphrase was.  It could as short as one character.  It all depends on the who developed the software.
  
-Knowing all this, if you still wish to try to obtain the original passphrase, Latin SuD has a tool which attempts reverse the process. Click [[http://www.latinsud.com/wepconv.html|here]] for the tool.+Knowing all this, if you still wish to try to obtain the original passphrase, Latin SuD has a tool which attempts reverse the process. Click [[https://www.latinsud.com/wepconv.html|here]] for the tool.
  
 Nonetheless, these passphrases result in a WEP Key that is as easily cracked as every other WEP Key.  The exact conversion method really does not matter in the end. Nonetheless, these passphrases result in a WEP Key that is as easily cracked as every other WEP Key.  The exact conversion method really does not matter in the end.
Line 377: Line 447:
 There are a number of sample files that you can try with aircrack-ng to gain experience: There are a number of sample files that you can try with aircrack-ng to gain experience:
  
-  * wpa.cap:  This is a sample file with a wpa handshake.  It is located in the "test" directory of the install files.  The passphrase is "biscotte" Use the password file (password.lst) which is in the same directory. +  * [[https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng/raw/master/test/wpa.cap|wpa.cap]]:  This is a sample file with a wpa handshake.  It is located in the "test" directory of the install files.  The passphrase is "biscotte" Use the password file (password.lst) which is in the same directory. 
-  * wpa2.eapol.cap: This is a sample file with a wpa2 handshake.  It is located in the "test" directory of the install files.  The passphrase is "12345678" Use the password file (password.lst) which is in the same directory. +  * [[https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng/raw/master/test/wpa2.eapol.cap|wpa2.eapol.cap]]: This is a sample file with a wpa2 handshake.  It is located in the "test" directory of the install files.  The passphrase is "12345678" Use the password file (password.lst) which is in the same directory. 
-  * [[http://download.aircrack-ng.org/wiki-files/other/test.ivs|test.ivs]]: This is a 128 bit WEP key file.  The key is "AE:5B:7F:3A:03:D0:AF:9B:F6:8D:A5:E2:C7"+  * [[https://download.aircrack-ng.org/wiki-files/other/test.ivs|test.ivs]]: This is a 128 bit WEP key file.  The key is "AE:5B:7F:3A:03:D0:AF:9B:F6:8D:A5:E2:C7"
-  * [[http://dl.aircrack-ng.org/ptw.cap|ptw.cap]]: This is a 64 bit WEP key file suitable for the PTW method.  The key is "1F:1F:1F:1F:1F".+  * [[https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng/raw/master/test/wep_64_ptw.cap|ptw.cap]]: This is a 64 bit WEP key file suitable for the PTW method.  The key is "1F:1F:1F:1F:1F". 
 +  * [[https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng/raw/master/test/wpa-psk-linksys.cap|wpa-psk-linksys.cap]]: This is a sample file with a WPA1 handshake along with some encrypted packets. Useful for testing with airdecap-ng. The password is "dictionary"
 +  * [[https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng/raw/master/test/wpa2-psk-linksys.cap|wpa2-psk-linksys.cap]]: This is a sample file with a WPA2 handshake along with some encrypted packets. Useful for testing with airdecap-ng. The password is "dictionary".
  
 ==== Dictionary Format ==== ==== Dictionary Format ====
Line 386: Line 458:
 Dictionaries used for WPA/WPA bruteforcing need to contain one passphrase per line. Dictionaries used for WPA/WPA bruteforcing need to contain one passphrase per line.
  
-The linux and Windows end of line format is slightly different.  See this [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_feed|Wikipedia entry]] for details. There are conversion tools are available under both linux and Windows which can convert one format to another.  As well, editors are available under both operating systems which can edit both formats correctly.  It is up to the reader to use an Internet search engine to find the appropriate tools.+The linux and Windows end of line format is slightly different.  See this [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_feed|Wikipedia entry]] for details. There are conversion tools are available under both linux and Windows which can convert one format to another.  As well, editors are available under both operating systems which can edit both formats correctly.  It is up to the reader to use an Internet search engine to find the appropriate tools.
  
 However both types should work with the linux or Windows versions of aircrack-ng.  Thus, you really don't need to convert back and forth. However both types should work with the linux or Windows versions of aircrack-ng.  Thus, you really don't need to convert back and forth.
Line 394: Line 466:
 Although it is not part of aircrack-ng, it is worth mentioning an interesting piece of work is by SuD.  It is basically a wep hex dictionary already prepared and the program to run it: Although it is not part of aircrack-ng, it is worth mentioning an interesting piece of work is by SuD.  It is basically a wep hex dictionary already prepared and the program to run it:
  
-   http://tv.latinsud.com/wepdict/+   https://www.latinsud.com/pub/wepdict/
  
  
Line 403: Line 475:
 So here are two tools to split capture files: So here are two tools to split capture files:
  
-  * http://www.badpenguin.co.uk/files/pcap-util +  * https://www.badpenguin.co.uk/files/pcap-util 
-  * http://www.badpenguin.co.uk/files/pcap-util2+  * https://www.badpenguin.co.uk/files/pcap-util2
  
-Another technique is to use Wireshark / tskark.  You can mark packets then same them to a separate file.+Another technique is to use Wireshark / tshark.  You can mark packets then same them to a separate file.
  
  
 ==== How to extract WPA handshake from large capture files ==== ==== How to extract WPA handshake from large capture files ====
  
-Sometimes you have a very large capture file and would like to extract the WPA/WPA2 handshake packets from it to a separate file.  The can be done with "tshark" which is a command line version of the Wireshark suite.  Installing the linux version of the [[http://www.wireshark.org|Wireshark suite]] on your system should also install tshark.+Sometimes you have a very large capture file and would like to extract the WPA/WPA2 handshake packets from it to a separate file.  The can be done with "tshark" which is a command line version of the Wireshark suite.  Installing the linux version of the [[https://www.wireshark.org|Wireshark suite]] on your system should also install tshark.
  
 The following command will extract all handshake and beacon packets from your pcap capture file and create a separate file with just those packets: The following command will extract all handshake and beacon packets from your pcap capture file and create a separate file with just those packets:
Line 434: Line 506:
   * aircrack-ng -w firstlist.txt,secondlist.txt,thirdlist.txt wpa2.eapol.cap   * aircrack-ng -w firstlist.txt,secondlist.txt,thirdlist.txt wpa2.eapol.cap
  
-Aircrack-ng comes with a small dictionary called password.lst.  The password.lst file is located in the "test" directory of the source files.  This [[faq#where_can_i_find_good_wordlists|FAQ entry]] has a list of web sites where you can find extensive wordlists (dictionaries).  Also see this [[http://forum.aircrack-ng.org/index.php?topic=1373|thread]] on the Forum.+Aircrack-ng comes with a small dictionary called password.lst.  The password.lst file is located in the "test" directory of the source files.  This [[faq#where_can_i_find_good_wordlists|FAQ entry]] has a list of web sites where you can find extensive wordlists (dictionaries).  Also see this [[https://forum.aircrack-ng.org/index.php?topic=1373|thread]] on the Forum.
  
 Determining the WPA/WPA2 passphrase is totally dependent on finding a dictionary entry which matches the passphrase.  So a quality dictionary is very important.  You can search the Internet for dictionaries to be used.  There are many available. Determining the WPA/WPA2 passphrase is totally dependent on finding a dictionary entry which matches the passphrase.  So a quality dictionary is very important.  You can search the Internet for dictionaries to be used.  There are many available.
Line 481: Line 553:
 So just use -e "<REAL_ESSID>" instead of -e "" and aircrack-ng should find the passphrase. So just use -e "<REAL_ESSID>" instead of -e "" and aircrack-ng should find the passphrase.
  
- 
- 
-You have successfully captured a handshake then when you run aircrack-ng, you get similar output: 
- 
-   Opening wpa.cap 
-   Read 4 packets. 
-    
-            #     BSSID                      ESSID                   ENCRYPTION 
-            1     00:13:10:F1:15:86                                WPA (1) handshake 
-   Choosing first network as target. 
-    
-   An ESSID is required. Try option -e. 
- 
-Solution: You need to specify the real essid, otherwise the key cannot be calculated, as the essid is used as salt when generating the pairwise master key (PMK) out of the pre-shared key (PSK). 
- 
-So just use -e "<REAL_ESSID>" instead of -e "" and aircrack-ng should find the passphrase. 
  
 ==== The PTW method does not work ==== ==== The PTW method does not work ====
  
-One particularly important constraint is that it only works against arp request/reply packets.  It cannot be used against any other data packets.  So even if your data capture file contains a large number of data packets, if there insufficient arp request/reply packets, it will not work.  Using this technique, 64-bit WEP can be cracked with as few as 20,000 data packets and 128-bit WEP with 40,000 data packets.  As well, it requires the full packet to be captured.  Meaning you cannot use the "- - ivs" option when running airodump-ng.  It also only works for 64 and 128 bit WEP encryption.+One particularly important constraint is that it only works against arp request/reply packets.  It cannot be used against any other data packets.  So even if your data capture file contains a large number of data packets, if there insufficient arp request/reply packets, it will not work.  Using this technique, 64-bit WEP can be cracked with as few as 20,000 data packets and 128-bit WEP with 40,000 data packets.  As well, it requires the full packet to be captured.  Meaning you cannot use the "-''''- ivs" option when running airodump-ng.  It also only works for 64 and 128 bit WEP encryption.
  
 ==== Error message "read(file header) failed: Success" ==== ==== Error message "read(file header) failed: Success" ====
Line 519: Line 575:
 If you are sure your capture file contains a valid handshake then use Wireshark or an equivalent piece of software and manually pull out the beacon packet plus a set of handshake packets. If you are sure your capture file contains a valid handshake then use Wireshark or an equivalent piece of software and manually pull out the beacon packet plus a set of handshake packets.
  
-There is an open [[http://trac.aircrack-ng.org/ticket/651|trac ticket]] to correct this incorrect behavior.+There is an open [[https://github.com/aircrack-ng/aircrack-ng/issues/651|GitHub issue]] to correct this incorrect behavior.
  
aircrack-ng.txt · Last modified: 2019/09/18 22:39 by mister_x