zd1211rw
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zd1211rw [2007/11/15 00:27] – added more troubleshooting info. darkaudax | zd1211rw [2011/06/26 17:32] – Update for modern kernels, rearrange stuff. wicher | ||
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====== zd1211rw ====== | ====== zd1211rw ====== | ||
+ | authored by sleek | ||
- | This driver supports the zd1211 | + | **Review |
- | The older zd1211 | + | The ZyDAS zd1211 |
- | The new zd1211b chipset only partially supports injection. | + | The zd1211rw was included in mainline kernel 2.6.18 as a softmac driver, known to be notoriously unstable |
- | The zd1211rw driver has been incorporated into the latest kernels. So you will have to patch the kernel source to obtain injection support. | + | The only unsupported function is the fragmentation " |
- | The following links may be helpful | + | Overall, its a great all-purpose chip to have for wireless auditing |
- | * [[http:// | + | ====== Patching ====== |
- | * [[http:// | + | To enable injection, we'll have to patch the driver first. |
- | * [[http:// | + | |
+ | ==== Modern kernels ==== | ||
+ | For modern kernels, good results can be obtained even when sticking closely to stock kernels. | ||
+ | === Kernel 2.6.39+ === | ||
+ | See [[http:// | ||
- | ===== Patching zd1211rw ===== | + | **1.** cd into your kernel sources |
- | This section will describe how to patch your driver for injection. There is quite a bit of variation between distributions so this describe | + | **2.** Apply the patch: |
+ | wget -O - ' | ||
- | You will need to have your kernel | + | **3.** Recompile and reload the driver as usual. Refer to your distro' |
- | Copy contents of **/ | + | === Kernel 2.6.34 - 2.6.38 === |
- | Copy contents of **/ | + | **1.** cd into your kernel sources |
- | Download and expand | + | **2.** Apply the patch: |
+ | wget -O - 'http:// | ||
- | Copy zd1211rw_inject_2.6.22.patch to **/ | + | **3.** Recompile and reload the driver as usual. Refer to your distro' |
- | cd /usr/src/linux/ | + | ==== Legacy kernels ==== |
+ | On old kernels, you need to use the compat-wireless approach. | ||
+ | The most frequent road block you'll stumble upon is compilation errors with compat-wireless. They' | ||
- | NOTE: In the following lines, verbose and dry-run have a double dash in front of them. | + | === Kernel 2.26.24+ === |
- | patch -Np1 --verbose --dry-run -i zd1211rw_inject_2.6.22.patch | + | |
- | If it was OK: | + | **1.** Go to http:// |
- | patch -Np1 | + | |
- | Copy ieee80211_inject.patch to /usr/src/linux | + | **2.** Next up, **cd to your /path/to/compat-wireless** directory and download the patch, required for injection: [[http:// |
- | | + | |
- | If it was OK: | + | **3.** Apply the patches: |
- | patch -Np1 --verbose | + | |
- | **NOTE**: In the following lines, change "2.6.20-1.2944.fc6" to match your particular system. | + | patch -Np0 -i zd1211rw-inject+dbi-fix-2.6.26.patch. |
+ | patch -Np1 -i mac80211.compat08082009.wl_frag+ack_v1.patch. | ||
+ | patch -Np1 -i channel-negative-one-maxim.patch. | ||
+ | __Note:__ //the **xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx.patch** files must be in your compat-wireles-xxxx-xx-xx directory while patching, otherwise you will be asked to provide full path of the file which needs to be patched, example: / | ||
- | cd / | + | **4.** Patching is complete and we are ready to compile our driver, type **make** for the process to begin and wait for few minutes to complete. |
- | make -C / | + | |
- | cd / | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Now copy the new modules to the / | + | **5.** Barring any errors, next up is installing, **sudo make install** |
- | cp / | + | **6.** Now that the newly compiled driver is installed, we are ready to use it, but before that we have to unload the old driver by typing **sudo make wlunload** |
- | cp / | + | |
- | cp / | + | |
- | And finally, rebuild | + | **7.** To load the new driver, just type **sudo modprobe zd1211rw** or simply unplug and plug again your USB adapter. Reboot if you're unsure |
- | | + | **8.** That's it! This concludes the zd1211 injection tutorial. You should now be able to inject. [[injection_test|Test]] your USB device, by setting it to monitor mode (airmon-ng) |
- | At this point, the simplest method to bring up the new modules live is to reboot your system. | ||
- | If you have problems compiling zd1211rw, you can try: | + | # aireplay-ng -9 mon0 |
+ | 14:39:59 Trying broadcast probe requests... | ||
+ | 14: | ||
+ | 14: | ||
+ | 14: | ||
+ | 14: | ||
+ | 14: | ||
+ | 14: | ||
+ | Voila ;-) | ||
- | | + | Known issues at this point: |
- | CONFIG_ZD1211RW=m make -C / | + | Fragmentation attack is not yet supported. |
- | ===== Installing Fedora kernel headers and source ===== | ||
- | These instructions are specific to Fedora. Change **2.6.20-1.2944.fc6** to the particular kernel version you have installed. **uname -r** can help you | + | === Kernels |
- | You need these packages already installed: | + | As mentioned above, kernels prior to 2.6.25 (2.6.2**4** with compat-wireless) are shipped with the softmac version of the driver which in its best day supports only half the functions, half the time. In other words, if you're stuck on an ancient kernel, you're pretty much out of luck. Your best bet is to either install a supported |
- | kernel-headers-2.6.20-1.2944.fc6 | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Running | + | And if you're absolutely bent on installing |
- | If the headers and development packages are not already installed then obtain them from your favourite repository then: | + | ==== Troubleshooting ==== |
- | rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.20-1.2944.fc6.i386.rpm | + | === Couldn' |
- | rpm -ivh kernel-devel-2.6.20-1.2944.fc6.i686.rpm (obtain i586 or i686 depending on your architecture) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Alternatively, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Now download and install the full kernel sources if they are not already on your system (This assumes you have downloaded this RPM from your favourite repository). | + | |
- | + | ||
- | rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.20-1.2944.fc6.src.rpm | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Change to the following directory: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | cd / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Change " | + | |
- | rpmbuild -bp --target=i586 kernel-2.6.spec | + | |
- | + | ||
- | **NOTE**: Change references to versions to your specific version in the next few lines. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | /bin/cp -a / | + | |
- | ln -s / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===== Recompiling Kernel with Loadable Modules ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Some kernels incorporate the functionality built into the kernel. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | These are the settings for menuconfig using 2.6.20-gentoo-r7, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | First, change the appropriate items in menuconfig: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | cd / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | make menuconfig | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | + | |
- | then set | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | all other module capable IEEE 80211 items will have automatically set themselves to <M> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Also check that: | + | |
- | | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Exit out and save the config | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Now apply the zd1211 and ieee80211 inject patches and recompile/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Apply the zd1211 inject and ieee80211 inject patches as per patch instructions but only do the 4 patch -Np1 commands, in gentoo doing the make commands and copying all the files is unnecessary!! | + | |
- | + | ||
- | After the patches are applied, you can now recompile the kernel and modules with the following commands: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | cd /usr/src | + | |
- | make && make modules modules_install install | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Wait for it to finish and then reboot your system. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Lastly, test your drivers and the injection patch. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===== Troubleshooting ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== General ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Bus 003 Device 003: ID 157e: | + | |
- | Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000: | + | |
- | Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000: | + | |
- | Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | If your device is not listed then you first need to determine why and correct it. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | usb 3-1: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 | + | |
- | usb 3-1: firmware version 0x4810 and device bootcode version 0x4802 differ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Depending on the error messages in dmesg, take the appropriate action. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | A common problem on new kernels is that the new mac80211 version of the driver gets loaded instead of the older legacy driver covered on this page. If that is the case, then you need to blacklist the modules by editing / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | # | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Also ensure that the time stamp on zd1211.ko module matches the date and time you compiled it. Otherwise this may mean you are running the wrong version of the module. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===== Couldn' | + | |
If dmesg has an error similar to the following: | If dmesg has an error similar to the following: | ||
Line 200: | Line 103: | ||
- http:// | - http:// | ||
- | - RPM for you distribution. | + | - RPM for you distribution. |
- | ===== Why do I get ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX) failed ? ===== | + | === Why do I get ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX) failed ? === |
If you get error messages similar to: | If you get error messages similar to: | ||
Line 209: | Line 112: | ||
* Error message: " | * Error message: " | ||
- | Then [[http:// | + | Then [[faq# |
+ | |||
+ | ===== Feedback ===== | ||
+ | * Instructions and discussion about the zd1211rw in the forum [[http:// | ||
+ |
zd1211rw.txt · Last modified: 2018/03/11 19:04 by mister_x